If you want to sound confident about weather and climate, start by noticing you are answering two different questions. One question asks what the atmosphere is doing right now. The other asks what it usually does here.
Weather is the answer you give from a snapshot. Climate is the answer you give from a stack of snapshots.
See how a single place can look different in the moment versus over time.
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Once you are thinking in snapshots, weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. It changes quickly because the atmosphere moves and mixes.
Weather descriptions often include a few concrete pieces:
Weather also includes short term swings. A cold front can drop the temperature in hours. Afternoon heating can build thunderstorms. These are still weather because they are tied to the near term state of the air.
Time window
As a rule of thumb, weather is what you plan around today and this week.
That leads straight to the other question. If weather can flip fast, what do you call the pattern that stays recognizable across many flips?
To answer what is typical, you have to stop looking for a single value and start thinking in ranges. Climate describes the long term behavior of weather for a region. It summarizes what tends to happen, when it tends to happen, and how much it varies.
A useful way to picture climate is as a distribution. Instead of one temperature, you have many temperatures and a sense of how common each one is. The same idea works for rainfall, wind, or humidity.
Explore how typical ranges and likelihoods describe a place better than a single number.