Populations do not become biomes by label alone, and evolution does not leave meaning in appearance without context. This course develops the core frameworks for reading ecological organization, energy flow, natural selection, structural similarity, and evolutionary relatedness across scales. It is built for learners who want to classify living systems carefully and interpret biological patterns without being fooled by names, shapes, or simple similarity. By the end, the course supports sharper reasoning about how organisms interact, adapt, and fit into the tree of life.
The course covers ecological units from population to biome, energy transfer and trophic efficiency in food webs, and natural selection in the Galápagos finch drought case. It also covers homology versus analogy, character evidence from development and phylogeny, homoplasy, clades, and phylogenetic classification.