Trace how Enlightenment ideas, empire, slavery, and war set the Atlantic revolutions in motion and pulled them apart
4 sections · 6 lessons
Trace Enlightenment critique, imperial rule, war, and slavery as the shared pressures that made revolution possible across the Atlantic world.
1 lessonCompare the American and French revolutions as struggles over constitutional authority, sovereignty, citizenship, and the export of rights-language.
2 lessonsExamine Haiti and Spanish America to test how revolutionary war, plantation society, Napoleonic disruption, and racial hierarchy reshaped claims to freedom.
2 lessonsEvaluate how revolutionary ideas and policies crossed the Atlantic, then explain why rights expanded unevenly as slavery and citizenship followed different paths.
1 lessonEvery lesson in order.
6 lessons
The Atlantic Revolutions began as an imperial and social crisis shaped by Enlightenment critique, wartime strain, and Atlantic slavery. This course shows how the American, French, Haitian, and Spanish American revolutions borrowed from one another, challenged one another, and produced different ideas of rights, sovereignty, citizenship, and freedom. It is built for students who want a comparative, causation-centered grasp of why these revolutions emerged together and why their outcomes diverged so sharply.
The course covers Enlightenment politics, imperial reform, war finance, and slavery as the common pressures behind revolutionary change. It also examines American independence, the French politics of rights, Haitian emancipation and racial universalism, Spanish American independence, and the Atlantic movement of revolutionary ideas, backlash, and abolition.
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Average pass rate · Freeman et al., PNAS 2014
What the science says
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Skill retention over time · with vs. without practice
What the science says
Offloading thinking to AI erodes the very skills you’re trying to build.
How Fenzo does it
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Retrieval practiceRe-reading
Long-term recall · retrieval vs. re-reading
What the science says
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How Fenzo does it
Lessons weave in quizzes and recall prompts, so it sticks.