History starts as a web of connected systems, where geography, resources, and networks shape what civilizations can become. This course gives a broad timeline of world history, from early states and classical empires to oceanic expansion and industrial power. It is designed for readers who want a clear overview of major turning points and the forces that linked regions across time. By the end, the course supports a grounded understanding of how empires rose, how exchange spread ideas and disease, and how modern global power took shape.
The course covers the rise of early states in river valleys, the governance and trade of major civilizations, and the expansion of classical empires alongside spreading religions and philosophies. It also traces Afro-Eurasian exchange, oceanic empire, the Columbian Exchange, and the industrial era’s link between energy, factories, finance, imperialism, and nation-states.